Understanding Decor Base Paper: Foundation for Premium Decorative Surfaces

In the realm of modern interior design and furniture manufacturing, the quality of decorative surfaces is paramount. At the core of these aesthetically pleasing and durable surfaces lies decor base paper. This specialized paper serves as the essential substrate that, once impregnated with melamine resin and pressed onto wood-based panels, transforms into high-pressure laminates (HPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL), or directly laminated particleboard and MDF. Its unique properties dictate the final product's visual fidelity, mechanical strength, and longevity.

The market for decorative base paper is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for durable, aesthetically versatile, and cost-effective surface materials in residential and commercial construction, as well as the furniture industry. Key trends include a shift towards sustainable sourcing of pulp, advancements in paper machine technology for improved formation and porosity, and the development of specialized coatings for enhanced printability and resin uptake. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on achieving higher brightness, opacity, and superior dimensional stability to meet the evolving demands for realistic wood grains, stone patterns, and abstract designs. The integration of digital printing technologies is also pushing the boundaries of design flexibility, requiring base papers with exceptionally smooth and uniform surfaces.

Understanding the intricate details of its manufacturing, technical specifications, and application is crucial for B2B decision-makers and engineers aiming to specify the highest quality materials for their products.

The Advanced Manufacturing Process of Decor Base Paper

The production of melamine impregnated decorative paper is a highly specialized process, demanding precision at every stage to ensure the final product meets stringent quality standards for aesthetic appeal and functional performance. Unlike general paper production, decorative base paper requires specific characteristics crucial for subsequent resin impregnation and lamination.

Process Flow:

1. Pulp Preparation: High-quality bleached chemical pulp (typically softwood or hardwood kraft pulp) is the primary raw material, chosen for its strength and brightness. The pulp undergoes rigorous cleaning, dewatering, and slushing to achieve a consistent fiber suspension. Additives such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) for opacity and brightness, and various sizing agents for controlled absorbency, are meticulously blended at this stage.
2. Stock Preparation & Refining: The pulp slurry is refined to mechanically treat the fibers, enhancing their bonding characteristics and ensuring uniform distribution. This step is critical for achieving the desired porosity and tensile strength of the paper. Consistency control is paramount to prevent variations in the final sheet.
3. Sheet Formation (Wet End): The refined pulp slurry is fed onto a high-speed Fourdrinier wire mesh or a gap former. Water is drained, and fibers interlock to form a continuous wet sheet. Advanced formation technologies ensure excellent sheet uniformity, minimizing variations in grammage and improving visual consistency.
4. Pressing & Drying (Dry End): The wet sheet passes through a series of press rolls to remove more water mechanically, increasing its dry content. Subsequently, it enters a multi-cylinder dryer section where heat evaporates the remaining moisture. Careful temperature and tension control during drying prevent curling and ensure dimensional stability.
5. Surface Treatment & Coating: The dried paper may undergo surface sizing or calendering to achieve desired smoothness, porosity, and printability. For certain applications, a pre-coat may be applied to enhance the performance during the subsequent impregnation process, ensuring even resin penetration and optimal adhesion.
6. Quality Control & Finishing: Throughout the process, continuous monitoring systems (e.g., basis weight, moisture, brightness sensors) ensure adherence to specifications. The finished paper is then wound into large jumbo rolls, precisely slit to customer-specified widths, and carefully packaged to prevent damage during transit. Testing standards, such as ISO 536 for grammage, ISO 2470 for brightness, and ISO 2471 for opacity, are rigorously applied.

The resultant decor base paper is designed for optimal saturation with amino resins, particularly melamine, ensuring a flawless, durable, and highly decorative final surface.

Image 1: Illustrative overview of paper manufacturing for decor applications.

Technical Specifications and Product Deep Dive: Shineway 70gsm ML1006

Understanding the technical parameters of impregnated melamine paper is critical for ensuring compatibility with impregnation lines and achieving the desired end-product quality. Shineway Paper's 70gsm ML1006 specification exemplifies a high-performance solution, engineered for superior resin absorption and print fidelity.

Key Specifications for 70gsm ML1006 Decor Base Paper:

The optimal grammage of 70gsm provides a perfect balance between material cost and resin carrying capacity. High brightness and opacity ensure vibrant and true-to-design print results, effectively concealing the substrate beneath. The precisely controlled porosity allows for efficient and uniform melamine resin impregnation, crucial for developing the final laminate's hardness, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. Adequate wet tensile strength prevents tearing during the impregnation process, a common challenge with lower quality papers.

Application Scenarios for Decor Base Paper

The versatility and durability afforded by melamine decorative paper make it indispensable across a multitude of industries where aesthetic appeal and robust performance are critical. Target industries encompass furniture, flooring, and interior architectural surfaces.

• Furniture Manufacturing: This is arguably the largest application sector. Decor base paper, once impregnated and laminated, is widely used for surfacing particleboard, MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), and plywood to create components for cabinets, wardrobes, office furniture, tabletops, and shelving units. The paper enables manufacturers to replicate a vast array of natural wood grains, stone effects, and contemporary patterns with high fidelity and excellent wear resistance.
• Laminated Flooring: High-pressure laminates (HPL) and direct-laminated floors utilize specialized decorative base papers to form the visual layer. These papers are designed to withstand significant abrasion, impact, and moisture, making them ideal for high-traffic residential and commercial spaces. The ability to simulate real wood planks and ceramic tiles realistically and affordably is a key advantage.
• Interior Wall Panels and Doors: For commercial and institutional buildings, as well as modern homes, decorative laminates made from this paper offer a durable, easy-to-clean, and aesthetically pleasing surface for wall cladding and interior doors. Its resistance to scratching and fading ensures a long service life even in demanding environments.
• Countertops and Work Surfaces: Especially in kitchen and laboratory settings, where surfaces are subjected to heat, chemicals, and abrasion, HPL produced with high-quality decor base paper provides an excellent balance of durability and design flexibility.
• Exhibition Stands and Retail Displays: The ease of fabrication and wide range of design options make laminated panels an ideal choice for temporary and semi-permanent structures that require both visual appeal and a certain degree of resilience.

In these scenarios, the inherent advantages of the paper, such as its superb printability, consistent porosity for resin uptake, and dimensional stability, translate directly into benefits for the end product. For example, in furniture manufacturing, the paper's uniform surface and high opacity ensure that printed designs are crisp and vibrant, directly contributing to the perceived quality and marketability of the finished furniture piece. Its robust structure, once impregnated, provides the foundation for the final product's resistance to wear, moisture, and common household chemicals, significantly extending service life compared to alternative surface materials.

Technical Advantages and Performance Metrics

The competitive edge of premium decor base paper lies in its meticulously engineered technical advantages, which directly impact the performance and aesthetics of the final laminated product.

• Exceptional Printability: A smooth, uniform surface with controlled absorbency ensures that decorative inks are evenly distributed, resulting in crisp, vibrant, and high-resolution designs. This is crucial for accurately replicating intricate wood grains or photo-realistic patterns.
• Optimal Resin Saturation: Precisely engineered porosity and absorbency allow for rapid and uniform impregnation with melamine resin. This ensures the paper is fully saturated, leading to a homogenous laminate structure that maximizes durability, scratch resistance, and impact resistance. Insufficient or uneven saturation can lead to brittle laminates prone to cracking or delamination.
• High Opacity: The inclusion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and careful fiber selection provides high opacity, effectively masking the color or imperfections of the underlying wood-based panel. This ensures the printed design remains true to color and doesn't get muddied by the substrate.
• Superior Dimensional Stability: During impregnation, drying, and lamination, the paper undergoes various temperature and moisture changes. High-quality decorative base paper exhibits excellent dimensional stability, minimizing expansion or contraction. This prevents warping, delamination, and ensures precise alignment of decorative patterns during the pressing process.
• Enhanced Wet and Dry Strength: Adequate wet strength is vital to prevent tears or breaks on high-speed impregnation lines. After impregnation and pressing, the paper contributes to the overall flexural strength and toughness of the final laminate, resisting cracking and chipping under stress.
• Consistent Quality: Reputable manufacturers maintain strict quality control, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency in grammage, brightness, porosity, and strength. This reliability is crucial for uninterrupted production and consistent end-product quality for furniture and panel manufacturers.

The combination of these properties ensures that the end products, whether furniture panels or flooring, not only look premium but also deliver long-term performance, resisting wear, moisture, and chemical exposure characteristic of daily use.

Vendor Comparison: Choosing the Right Decorative Base Paper Supplier

Selecting the optimal supplier for decor base paper involves more than just price. It requires a comprehensive evaluation of product quality, technical support, consistency, and a vendor's capacity for customization and innovation. Below is a comparative overview focusing on key criteria.

Investing in a Tier 1 supplier like Shineway Paper for your melamine impregnated paper needs ultimately leads to higher production efficiency, reduced waste, and a superior final product that stands out in the market. The long-term benefits of consistent quality and strong technical partnership often outweigh initial cost savings from lower-tier suppliers.

Customized Solutions and Application Case Studies

The dynamic nature of the interior design and furniture industries necessitates a high degree of customization for decor base paper. Leading manufacturers offer bespoke solutions to meet unique client requirements, extending beyond standard product lines.

Customization Capabilities:

• Tailored Grammage: While 70gsm is common, specific applications may require lower (e.g., 60gsm for ultra-thin laminates) or higher (e.g., 80gsm for enhanced hiding power) grammages.
• Adjusted Brightness and Opacity: Custom brightness levels can be achieved to match specific print designs or brand color palettes, alongside optimized opacity for challenging substrates.
• Controlled Porosity: Fine-tuning porosity ensures compatibility with proprietary resin formulations and impregnation line speeds, maximizing efficiency and minimizing waste.
• Special Additives: Integration of specific additives for enhanced wet strength, anti-fungal properties, or UV resistance, catering to specialized product requirements.
• Roll Width and Diameter: Custom slitting to precise roll widths and diameters optimizes customer production processes, reducing conversion waste.

Application Case Studies:

Image 2: Examples of furniture and surfaces utilizing high-quality decor base paper.

Authoritativeness and Trustworthiness: Shineway Paper's Commitment

Shineway Paper's reputation as a leading supplier of melamine impregnated decorative paper is built on decades of expertise, stringent quality standards, and unwavering customer commitment.

Certifications and Quality Assurance:

• ISO 9001:2015 Certified: Demonstrates a robust Quality Management System, ensuring consistent product quality and customer satisfaction.
• ISO 14001:2015 Certified: Underlines our commitment to environmental management and sustainable manufacturing practices.
• FSC® / PEFC™ Chain of Custody: Guarantees responsible sourcing of wood fibers, promoting forest sustainability.
• In-house R&D and Testing: Our state-of-the-art laboratories continuously monitor product parameters against international standards (ISO, TAPPI) and drive innovation.

Client Partnerships and Industry Standing:

With over 20 years of dedicated service in the decorative paper industry, Shineway Paper has established enduring partnerships with leading furniture manufacturers, laminators, and flooring producers globally. Our commitment to quality, innovation, and reliable supply chain management has positioned us as a preferred supplier for critical projects.

Trustworthiness Elements:

Conclusion

The selection of high-quality decor base paper is a foundational decision for manufacturers aiming to produce premium decorative surfaces. Its intrinsic properties, from grammage and brightness to porosity and wet tensile strength, directly influence the efficiency of the impregnation process, the fidelity of printed designs, and the ultimate durability of laminated products. By partnering with an authoritative and trustworthy supplier like Shineway Paper, which emphasizes rigorous quality control, adherence to international standards, and offers comprehensive customization and support, businesses can ensure they are leveraging the best possible materials for their applications. As industry trends lean towards greater sustainability, design versatility, and enhanced performance, the role of a technically superior decorative base paper will only continue to grow in importance.

References:

1. ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage. International Organization for Standardization.
2. ISO 2470-1:2016, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness). International Organization for Standardization.
3. ISO 2471:2008, Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method. International Organization for Standardization.
4. TAPPI T460 om-16, Air resistance of paper (Gurley method). Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry.
5. ISO 1924-2:2008, Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method. International Organization for Standardization.
6. International Council of Forest and Paper Associations (ICFPA), "Sustainability in the Global Forest and Paper Industry." [Accessed via official ICFPA website]

Understanding Decor Base Paper: Foundation for Premium Decorative Surfaces

In the realm of modern interior design and furniture manufacturing, the quality of decorative surfaces is paramount. At the core of these aesthetically pleasing and durable surfaces lies decor base paper. This specialized paper serves as the essential substrate that, once impregnated with melamine resin and pressed onto wood-based panels, transforms into high-pressure laminates (HPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL), or directly laminated particleboard and MDF. Its unique properties dictate the final product's visual fidelity, mechanical strength, and longevity.

The market for decorative base paper is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for durable, aesthetically versatile, and cost-effective surface materials in residential and commercial construction, as well as the furniture industry. Key trends include a shift towards sustainable sourcing of pulp, advancements in paper machine technology for improved formation and porosity, and the development of specialized coatings for enhanced printability and resin uptake. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on achieving higher brightness, opacity, and superior dimensional stability to meet the evolving demands for realistic wood grains, stone patterns, and abstract designs. The integration of digital printing technologies is also pushing the boundaries of design flexibility, requiring base papers with exceptionally smooth and uniform surfaces.

Understanding the intricate details of its manufacturing, technical specifications, and application is crucial for B2B decision-makers and engineers aiming to specify the highest quality materials for their products.

The Advanced Manufacturing Process of Decor Base Paper

The production of melamine impregnated decorative paper is a highly specialized process, demanding precision at every stage to ensure the final product meets stringent quality standards for aesthetic appeal and functional performance. Unlike general paper production, decorative base paper requires specific characteristics crucial for subsequent resin impregnation and lamination.

Process Flow:

1. Pulp Preparation: High-quality bleached chemical pulp (typically softwood or hardwood kraft pulp) is the primary raw material, chosen for its strength and brightness. The pulp undergoes rigorous cleaning, dewatering, and slushing to achieve a consistent fiber suspension. Additives such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) for opacity and brightness, and various sizing agents for controlled absorbency, are meticulously blended at this stage.
2. Stock Preparation & Refining: The pulp slurry is refined to mechanically treat the fibers, enhancing their bonding characteristics and ensuring uniform distribution. This step is critical for achieving the desired porosity and tensile strength of the paper. Consistency control is paramount to prevent variations in the final sheet.
3. Sheet Formation (Wet End): The refined pulp slurry is fed onto a high-speed Fourdrinier wire mesh or a gap former. Water is drained, and fibers interlock to form a continuous wet sheet. Advanced formation technologies ensure excellent sheet uniformity, minimizing variations in grammage and improving visual consistency.
4. Pressing & Drying (Dry End): The wet sheet passes through a series of press rolls to remove more water mechanically, increasing its dry content. Subsequently, it enters a multi-cylinder dryer section where heat evaporates the remaining moisture. Careful temperature and tension control during drying prevent curling and ensure dimensional stability.
5. Surface Treatment & Coating: The dried paper may undergo surface sizing or calendering to achieve desired smoothness, porosity, and printability. For certain applications, a pre-coat may be applied to enhance the performance during the subsequent impregnation process, ensuring even resin penetration and optimal adhesion.
6. Quality Control & Finishing: Throughout the process, continuous monitoring systems (e.g., basis weight, moisture, brightness sensors) ensure adherence to specifications. The finished paper is then wound into large jumbo rolls, precisely slit to customer-specified widths, and carefully packaged to prevent damage during transit. Testing standards, such as ISO 536 for grammage, ISO 2470 for brightness, and ISO 2471 for opacity, are rigorously applied.

The resultant decor base paper is designed for optimal saturation with amino resins, particularly melamine, ensuring a flawless, durable, and highly decorative final surface.

Image 1: Illustrative overview of paper manufacturing for decor applications.

Technical Specifications and Product Deep Dive: Shineway 70gsm ML1006

Understanding the technical parameters of impregnated melamine paper is critical for ensuring compatibility with impregnation lines and achieving the desired end-product quality. Shineway Paper's 70gsm ML1006 specification exemplifies a high-performance solution, engineered for superior resin absorption and print fidelity.

Key Specifications for 70gsm ML1006 Decor Base Paper:

The optimal grammage of 70gsm provides a perfect balance between material cost and resin carrying capacity. High brightness and opacity ensure vibrant and true-to-design print results, effectively concealing the substrate beneath. The precisely controlled porosity allows for efficient and uniform melamine resin impregnation, crucial for developing the final laminate's hardness, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. Adequate wet tensile strength prevents tearing during the impregnation process, a common challenge with lower quality papers.

Application Scenarios for Decor Base Paper

The versatility and durability afforded by melamine decorative paper make it indispensable across a multitude of industries where aesthetic appeal and robust performance are critical. Target industries encompass furniture, flooring, and interior architectural surfaces.

• Furniture Manufacturing: This is arguably the largest application sector. Decor base paper, once impregnated and laminated, is widely used for surfacing particleboard, MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), and plywood to create components for cabinets, wardrobes, office furniture, tabletops, and shelving units. The paper enables manufacturers to replicate a vast array of natural wood grains, stone effects, and contemporary patterns with high fidelity and excellent wear resistance.
• Laminated Flooring: High-pressure laminates (HPL) and direct-laminated floors utilize specialized decorative base papers to form the visual layer. These papers are designed to withstand significant abrasion, impact, and moisture, making them ideal for high-traffic residential and commercial spaces. The ability to simulate real wood planks and ceramic tiles realistically and affordably is a key advantage.
• Interior Wall Panels and Doors: For commercial and institutional buildings, as well as modern homes, decorative laminates made from this paper offer a durable, easy-to-clean, and aesthetically pleasing surface for wall cladding and interior doors. Its resistance to scratching and fading ensures a long service life even in demanding environments.
• Countertops and Work Surfaces: Especially in kitchen and laboratory settings, where surfaces are subjected to heat, chemicals, and abrasion, HPL produced with high-quality decor base paper provides an excellent balance of durability and design flexibility.
• Exhibition Stands and Retail Displays: The ease of fabrication and wide range of design options make laminated panels an ideal choice for temporary and semi-permanent structures that require both visual appeal and a certain degree of resilience.

In these scenarios, the inherent advantages of the paper, such as its superb printability, consistent porosity for resin uptake, and dimensional stability, translate directly into benefits for the end product. For example, in furniture manufacturing, the paper's uniform surface and high opacity ensure that printed designs are crisp and vibrant, directly contributing to the perceived quality and marketability of the finished furniture piece. Its robust structure, once impregnated, provides the foundation for the final product's resistance to wear, moisture, and common household chemicals, significantly extending service life compared to alternative surface materials.

Technical Advantages and Performance Metrics

The competitive edge of premium decor base paper lies in its meticulously engineered technical advantages, which directly impact the performance and aesthetics of the final laminated product.

• Exceptional Printability: A smooth, uniform surface with controlled absorbency ensures that decorative inks are evenly distributed, resulting in crisp, vibrant, and high-resolution designs. This is crucial for accurately replicating intricate wood grains or photo-realistic patterns.
• Optimal Resin Saturation: Precisely engineered porosity and absorbency allow for rapid and uniform impregnation with melamine resin. This ensures the paper is fully saturated, leading to a homogenous laminate structure that maximizes durability, scratch resistance, and impact resistance. Insufficient or uneven saturation can lead to brittle laminates prone to cracking or delamination.
• High Opacity: The inclusion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and careful fiber selection provides high opacity, effectively masking the color or imperfections of the underlying wood-based panel. This ensures the printed design remains true to color and doesn't get muddied by the substrate.
• Superior Dimensional Stability: During impregnation, drying, and lamination, the paper undergoes various temperature and moisture changes. High-quality decorative base paper exhibits excellent dimensional stability, minimizing expansion or contraction. This prevents warping, delamination, and ensures precise alignment of decorative patterns during the pressing process.
• Enhanced Wet and Dry Strength: Adequate wet strength is vital to prevent tears or breaks on high-speed impregnation lines. After impregnation and pressing, the paper contributes to the overall flexural strength and toughness of the final laminate, resisting cracking and chipping under stress.
• Consistent Quality: Reputable manufacturers maintain strict quality control, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency in grammage, brightness, porosity, and strength. This reliability is crucial for uninterrupted production and consistent end-product quality for furniture and panel manufacturers.

The combination of these properties ensures that the end products, whether furniture panels or flooring, not only look premium but also deliver long-term performance, resisting wear, moisture, and chemical exposure characteristic of daily use.

Vendor Comparison: Choosing the Right Decorative Base Paper Supplier

Selecting the optimal supplier for decor base paper involves more than just price. It requires a comprehensive evaluation of product quality, technical support, consistency, and a vendor's capacity for customization and innovation. Below is a comparative overview focusing on key criteria.

Investing in a Tier 1 supplier like Shineway Paper for your melamine impregnated paper needs ultimately leads to higher production efficiency, reduced waste, and a superior final product that stands out in the market. The long-term benefits of consistent quality and strong technical partnership often outweigh initial cost savings from lower-tier suppliers.

Customized Solutions and Application Case Studies

The dynamic nature of the interior design and furniture industries necessitates a high degree of customization for decor base paper. Leading manufacturers offer bespoke solutions to meet unique client requirements, extending beyond standard product lines.

Customization Capabilities:

• Tailored Grammage: While 70gsm is common, specific applications may require lower (e.g., 60gsm for ultra-thin laminates) or higher (e.g., 80gsm for enhanced hiding power) grammages.
• Adjusted Brightness and Opacity: Custom brightness levels can be achieved to match specific print designs or brand color palettes, alongside optimized opacity for challenging substrates.
• Controlled Porosity: Fine-tuning porosity ensures compatibility with proprietary resin formulations and impregnation line speeds, maximizing efficiency and minimizing waste.
• Special Additives: Integration of specific additives for enhanced wet strength, anti-fungal properties, or UV resistance, catering to specialized product requirements.
• Roll Width and Diameter: Custom slitting to precise roll widths and diameters optimizes customer production processes, reducing conversion waste.

Application Case Studies:

Image 2: Examples of furniture and surfaces utilizing high-quality decor base paper.

Authoritativeness and Trustworthiness: Shineway Paper's Commitment

Shineway Paper's reputation as a leading supplier of melamine impregnated decorative paper is built on decades of expertise, stringent quality standards, and unwavering customer commitment.

Certifications and Quality Assurance:

• ISO 9001:2015 Certified: Demonstrates a robust Quality Management System, ensuring consistent product quality and customer satisfaction.
• ISO 14001:2015 Certified: Underlines our commitment to environmental management and sustainable manufacturing practices.
• FSC® / PEFC™ Chain of Custody: Guarantees responsible sourcing of wood fibers, promoting forest sustainability.
• In-house R&D and Testing: Our state-of-the-art laboratories continuously monitor product parameters against international standards (ISO, TAPPI) and drive innovation.

Client Partnerships and Industry Standing:

With over 20 years of dedicated service in the decorative paper industry, Shineway Paper has established enduring partnerships with leading furniture manufacturers, laminators, and flooring producers globally. Our commitment to quality, innovation, and reliable supply chain management has positioned us as a preferred supplier for critical projects.

Trustworthiness Elements:

Conclusion

The selection of high-quality decor base paper is a foundational decision for manufacturers aiming to produce premium decorative surfaces. Its intrinsic properties, from grammage and brightness to porosity and wet tensile strength, directly influence the efficiency of the impregnation process, the fidelity of printed designs, and the ultimate durability of laminated products. By partnering with an authoritative and trustworthy supplier like Shineway Paper, which emphasizes rigorous quality control, adherence to international standards, and offers comprehensive customization and support, businesses can ensure they are leveraging the best possible materials for their applications. As industry trends lean towards greater sustainability, design versatility, and enhanced performance, the role of a technically superior decorative base paper will only continue to grow in importance.

References:

1. ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage. International Organization for Standardization.
2. ISO 2470-1:2016, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness). International Organization for Standardization.
3. ISO 2471:2008, Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method. International Organization for Standardization.
4. TAPPI T460 om-16, Air resistance of paper (Gurley method). Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry.
5. ISO 1924-2:2008, Paper and board — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method. International Organization for Standardization.
6. International Council of Forest and Paper Associations (ICFPA), "Sustainability in the Global Forest and Paper Industry." [Accessed via official ICFPA website]